Unemployment is one of the biggest problems of contemporary society. What do you think are the main causes of unemployment? What solutions can you suggest?
Big salary is much more important than job satisfaction. Do you agree or disagree? Provide relevant examples if necessary.
21 Dave Hadley says that the computer system has
A too many users.
В never worked well.
C become outdated.
22 The main problem with the computer system is that it
A is too slow.
В stops working.
C displays incorrect data.
23 Timetabling has become an issue because
A there is not enough time for anyone to do it.
В the system does not handle course options.
C the courses are constantly changing.
24 To solve the timetabling issues, Randhir suggests that
A students should create their own timetables.
В Dave should have someone to assist him.
C the number of courses should be reduced.
25 Randhir says that a new system may
A need to be trialled.
В still have problems.
C be more economical.
26 Improving the existing system will take
A a few weeks.
В four or five months.
C nine months.
Questions 27-30
Complete the flow-chart below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Next steps:
Get approval from 27 .......................
Complete a 28 ....................... form
Book a 29 ....................... with the systems analyst
Set up a 30 ....................... with technologies team
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Ceramics 31 Ceramics date back approximately ............................. 32 The first figurines were made in the area of ............................. 33 Early humans could not use their pots to store ............................ 34 The Chinese improved the quality of ceramics by mixing ............................. with the clay. 35 Chinese porcelain was also called ........................... 36 Bottger added quartz and ........................... to clay to make porcelain. Glass 37 Glass production is similar to clay ceramics apart from the rate of ............................. 38 The Romans introduced the use of glass to make ............................. Concrete 39 The discovery of concrete is probably due to observing reactions of water and ............................. 40 The ability to build large ............................. contributed to the success of the Roman Empire.
Some people hesitate between getting a job
and starting their own business. While the idea of not having a boss and
working on one's own schedule may sound tempting, financial risks and
stress sometimes outweigh these advantages.
In your opinion what are the pros and cons of working in a company?
Media surrounds us, from the shows we watch on television to the music we listen to on the radio.
How does media affect the society?
Do you agree that the impact of media has more disadvantages than benefits?
Do you use any gadgets on a daily basis? How often do you use Internet? Do you own a computer? If so, how often do you use it and for what purposes? Part 2
Now, have a look at the card and prepare a monologue.
Describe your favourite gadget. You should say:
What is it
When did you get it
How often do you use it
and say why is it so important to you
Part 3 Do you think we need to know much about computers? What is the most impactful piece of technology in our lives?
How computers affect our everyday life? How effective is the use of computers in the classroom?
Sea monsters are the stuff of legend - lurking not just in the depths of the oceans, but also the darker corners of our minds. What is it that draws us to these creatures?
"This inhuman place makes human monsters," wrote Stephen King in his novel The Shining. Many academics agree that monsters lurk in the deepest recesses, they prowl through our ancestral minds appearing in the half-light, under the bed - or at the bottom of the sea. "They don't really exist, but they play a huge role in our mindscapes, in our dreams, stories, nightmares, myths and so on," says Matthias Classen, assistant professor of literature and media at Aarhus University in Denmark, who studies monsters in literature. "Monsters say something about human psychology, not the world." One Norse legend talks of the Kraken, a deep sea creature that was the curse of fishermen. If sailors found a place with many fish, most likely it was the monster that was driving them to the surface. If it saw the ship it would pluck the hapless sailors from the boat and drag them to a watery grave. This terrifying legend occupied the mind and pen of the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson too. In his short 1830 poem The Kraken he wrote: "Below the thunders of the upper deep, / Far far beneath in the abysmal sea, / His ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep / The Kraken sleepeth." The deeper we travel into the ocean, the deeper we delve into our own psyche. And when we can go no further - there lurks the Kraken. Most likely the Kraken is based on a real creature - the giant squid. The huge mollusc takes pride of place as the personification of the terrors of the deep sea. Sailors would have encountered it at the surface, dying, and probably thrashing about. It would have made a weird sight, "about the most alien thing you can imagine," says Edith Widder, CEO at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association. "It has eight lashing arms and two slashing tentacles growing straight out of its head and it's got serrated suckers that can latch on to the slimiest of prey and it's got a parrot beak that can rip flesh. It's got an eye the size of your head, it's got a jet propulsion system and three hearts that pump blue blood." The giant squid continued to dominate stories of sea monsters with the famous 1870 novel, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, by Jules Verne. Verne's submarine fantasy is a classic story of puny man against a gigantic squid. The monster needed no embellishment - this creature was scary enough, and Verne incorporated as much fact as possible into the story, says Emily Alder from Edinburgh Napier University. "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea and another contemporaneous book, Victor Hugo's Toilers of the Sea, both tried to represent the giant squid as they might have been actual zoological animals, much more taking the squid as a biological creature than a mythical creature." It was a given that the squid was vicious and would readily attack humans given the chance. That myth wasn't busted until 2012, when Edith Widder and her colleagues were the first people to successfully film giant squid under water and see first-hand the true character of the monster of the deep. They realised previous attempts to film squid had failed because the bright lights and noisy thrusters on submersibles had frightened them away. By quietening down the engines and using bioluminescence to attract it, they managed to see this most extraordinary animal in its natural habitat. It serenely glided into view, its body rippled with metallic colours of bronze and silver. Its huge, intelligent eye watched the submarine warily as it delicately picked at the bait with its beak. It was balletic and mesmeric. It could not have been further from the gnashing, human-destroying creature of myth and literature. In reality this is a gentle giant that is easily scared and pecks at its food. Another giant squid lies peacefully in the Natural History Museum in London, in the Spirit Room, where it is preserved in a huge glass case. In 2004 it was caught in a fishing net off the Falkland Islands and died at the surface. The crew immediately froze its body and it was sent to be preserved in the museum by the Curator of Molluscs, Jon Ablett. It is called Archie, an affectionate short version of its Latin name Architeuthis dux. It is the longest preserved specimen of a giant squid in the world. "It really has brought science to life for many people," says Ablett. "Sometimes I feel a bit overshadowed by Archie, most of my work is on slugs and snails but unfortunately most people don't want to talk about that!" And so today we can watch Archie's graceful relative on film and stare Archie herself (she is a female) eye-to-eye in a museum. But have we finally slain the monster of the deep? Now we know there is nothing to be afraid of, can the Kraken finally be laid to rest? Probably not says Classen. "We humans are afraid of the strangest things. They don't need to be realistic. There's no indication that enlightenment and scientific progress has banished the monsters from the shadows of our imaginations. We will continue to be afraid of very strange things, including probably sea monsters." Indeed we are. The Kraken made a fearsome appearance in the blockbuster series Pirates of the Caribbean. It forced Captain Jack Sparrow to face his demons in a terrifying face-to-face encounter. Pirates needed the monstrous Kraken, nothing else would do. Or, as the German film director Werner Herzog put it, "What would an ocean be without a monster lurking in the dark? It would be like sleep without dreams."
Questions 8–12 Choose the correct letter,A, B, CorD. Write the correct letter in boxes 8–12 on your answer sheet.
Who wrote a novel about a giant squid?
Emily Alder
Stephen King
Alfred Lord Tennyson
Jules Verne
What, of the featuring body parts, molluscDOESN'Thave?
two tentacles
serrated suckers
beak
smooth suckers
Which of the following applies to the bookish Kraken?
notorious
scary
weird
harmless
Where can we see a giant squid?
at the museum
at a seaside
on TV
in supermarkets
The main purpose of the text is to:
help us to understand more about both mythical and biological creatures of the deep
illustrate the difference between Kraken and squid
shed the light on the mythical creatures of the ocean
compare Kraken to its real relative
Questions 13–16 Complete the sentences below. WriteNO MORE THAN THREE WORDSfrom the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 13–16 on your answer sheet. 13. According to the Victor Hugo's novel, the squid wouldif he had such opportunity. 14.The real squid appeared to beand. 15.Archie must be theof its kind on Earth. 16.We are able to encounter the Kraken'sin a movie franchise.
Practice. Choose the correct sentence in each pair:
Theare are nearly five hundreds children in this school.
Theare are nearly five hundred children in this school.
Jessica received twenty-nine roses on her birthday.
Jessica received twenty-nine rose on her birthday.
He pays for rent six hundred dollars each month.
He pays for rent six hundred dollar each month.
Million of people are involved in nature protection. Millions of people are involved in nature protection.
Josh paid hundred pounds for a new tea-service.
Josh paid a hundred pounds for a new tea-service.
The table shows that the number of employed people has increased by two percents.
The table shows that the number of employed people has increased by two percent.
This galaxy is thousands light years away from the earth.
This galaxy is thousands of light years away from the earth.
Write each amount from the list in words:
You can click on question sing in blue to show hint.
Example: £23 : twenty-three pounds
£807 :
480,000 :
19% :
$9,000,000 :
$35,000 :
SECTION 3. QUESTIONS 21-30
Questions 21-23
Complete the information below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. 21. The total course duration is . 22. During the final project students will work in teams of . 23. The professor told that the key thing in marketing strategy is to .
Questions 24-28
Choose FIVE letters, A-I. What FIVE modules does the course include?
Marketing
Design of custom logos
Product management
Branding
E-commerce
Advertising
Analytics
Customer attraction
Business strategies
Questions 29-30
Complete the information below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
29. The next lecture is in the big classroom on the . 30. Students need to take their last week .
SECTION 4. QUESTIONS 31-40
Questions 31-35
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or С. 31. Initially, the Great Wall was built to
prevent invaders from entering China
function as a psychological barrier
show country’s enduring strength
32. The construction of the Great Wall started
in third century B.C.
in 220 B.C.
in 390 A.D.
33. The Chinese name of the monument is
the Great Wall
the Big Wall
the Long Wall
34. The wall as it exists today was constructed mainly by
Qin dynasty
Northern Wei dynasty
Ming dynasty
35. During the Ming dynasty, the wall’s main purpose was
to be a military fortification
to protect caravans traveling along the trade routes
to contribute to the defense of the country
Questions 36-40
Complete the timeline with information about the history оf the tomato in the United States.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
36. Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from stones, wood and . 37. Many western sections of the wall are constructed from mud and thus are more . 38. A part of the wall in Gansu province may disappear in the next 20 years, due to . 39. To see the wall from the Moon would require superhuman . 40. The Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive in history.
Part 1
Hobbies
1) Can you tell me about any hobbies that you have?
2) Are there any other hobbies that you would like to have in the future?
3) Do you think hobbies should be relaxing or should they be exciting?
English Studies
4) When and why did you start to learn English?
5) What aspects of learning English do you find the most difficult?
Daily Routine
6) How do you spend a typical Sunday?
7) What routine activity do you dislike the most?
8) Do you like having a set routine at work or would you prefer less structure?
Part 2
Describe a sport that you enjoy playing or watching.
You should say:
Why you started playing or watching this sport
How often you play or watch it
What benefits you get from playing or watching it
And explain why you prefer this sport to others.
Part 3
Spectator Sports
1) Are there differences between the numbers of people who watch sports and the numbers who play it?
2) Why do you think some people enjoy watching sport?
3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of watching sport live or on television?
Sports Advertising and the Media
4) What role does advertising have in sports events?
5) How important is money in sport?
1 Studying art in school improves students'
performance in other subjects, because it is easier for multi-skilled
students to learn new things. That's why art should be obligatory in
schools. Do you agree or disagree?
2
Some students work while studying. This often results in lacking time for education and constantly feeling under pressure. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?
3
Online education is becoming more and more
popular. Some people claim that e-learning has so many benefits that it
will replace face-to-face education soon. Others say that traditional
education is irreplaceable. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Sea monsters are the
stuff of legend - lurking not just in the depths of the oceans, but
also the darker corners of our minds. What is it that draws us to these
creatures?
"This inhuman place makes human monsters," wrote Stephen
King in his novel The Shining. Many academics agree that monsters lurk
in the deepest recesses, they prowl through our ancestral minds
appearing in the half-light, under the bed - or at the bottom of the
sea. "They don't really exist, but they play a huge role in our
mindscapes, in our dreams, stories, nightmares, myths and so on," says
Matthias Classen, assistant professor of literature and media at Aarhus
University in Denmark, who studies monsters in literature. "Monsters say
something about human psychology, not the world." One Norse legend talks of the Kraken, a deep sea creature that was the
curse of fishermen. If sailors found a place with many fish, most
likely it was the monster that was driving them to the surface. If it
saw the ship it would pluck the hapless sailors from the boat and drag
them to a watery grave.
This terrifying legend occupied the mind and pen of the poet Alfred
Lord Tennyson too. In his short 1830 poem The Kraken he wrote: "Below
the thunders of the upper deep, / Far far beneath in the abysmal sea, /
His ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep / The Kraken sleepeth."
The deeper we travel into the ocean, the deeper we delve into
our own psyche. And when we can go no further - there lurks the Kraken. Most likely the Kraken is based on a real creature - the giant
squid. The huge mollusc takes pride of place as the personification of
the terrors of the deep sea. Sailors would have encountered it at the
surface, dying, and probably thrashing about. It would have made a weird
sight, "about the most alien thing you can imagine," says Edith Widder,
CEO at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association. "It has eight lashing arms and two slashing tentacles growing
straight out of its head and it's got serrated suckers that can latch on
to the slimiest of prey and it's got a parrot beak that can rip flesh.
It's got an eye the size of your head, it's got a jet propulsion system
and three hearts that pump blue blood." The giant squid continued to dominate stories of sea monsters with
the famous 1870 novel, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, by Jules
Verne. Verne's submarine fantasy is a classic story of puny man against a
gigantic squid. The monster needed no embellishment - this creature was scary
enough, and Verne incorporated as much fact as possible into the story,
says Emily Alder from Edinburgh Napier University. "Twenty Thousand
Leagues Under the Sea and another contemporaneous book, Victor Hugo's
Toilers of the Sea, both tried to represent the giant squid as they
might have been actual zoological animals, much more taking the squid as
a biological creature than a mythical creature." It was a given that
the squid was vicious and would readily attack humans given the chance. That myth wasn't busted until 2012, when Edith Widder and her
colleagues were the first people to successfully film giant squid under
water and see first-hand the true character of the monster of the deep.
They realised previous attempts to film squid had failed because the
bright lights and noisy thrusters on submersibles had frightened them
away. By quietening down the engines and using bioluminescence to attract
it, they managed to see this most extraordinary animal in its natural
habitat. It serenely glided into view, its body rippled with metallic
colours of bronze and silver. Its huge, intelligent eye watched the
submarine warily as it delicately picked at the bait with its beak. It
was balletic and mesmeric. It could not have been further from the
gnashing, human-destroying creature of myth and literature. In reality
this is a gentle giant that is easily scared and pecks at its food. Another giant squid lies peacefully in the Natural History Museum
in London, in the Spirit Room, where it is preserved in a huge glass
case. In 2004 it was caught in a fishing net off the Falkland Islands
and died at the surface. The crew immediately froze its body and it was
sent to be preserved in the museum by the Curator of Molluscs, Jon
Ablett. It is called Archie, an affectionate short version of its Latin
name Architeuthis dux. It is the longest preserved specimen of a giant
squid in the world. "It really has brought science to life for many people," says
Ablett. "Sometimes I feel a bit overshadowed by Archie, most of my work
is on slugs and snails but unfortunately most people don't want to talk
about that!" And so today we can watch Archie's graceful relative on film and
stare Archie herself (she is a female) eye-to-eye in a museum. But have
we finally slain the monster of the deep? Now we know there is nothing
to be afraid of, can the Kraken finally be laid to rest? Probably not
says Classen. "We humans are afraid of the strangest things. They don't
need to be realistic. There's no indication that enlightenment and
scientific progress has banished the monsters from the shadows of our
imaginations. We will continue to be afraid of very strange things,
including probably sea monsters." Indeed we are. The Kraken made a fearsome appearance in the
blockbuster series Pirates of the Caribbean. It forced Captain Jack
Sparrow to face his demons in a terrifying face-to-face encounter.
Pirates needed the monstrous Kraken, nothing else would do. Or, as the
German film director Werner Herzog put it, "What would an ocean be
without a monster lurking in the dark? It would be like sleep without
dreams."
Questions 8–12 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 8–12 on your answer sheet.
Who wrote a novel about a giant squid?
Emily Alder
Stephen King
Alfred Lord Tennyson
Jules Verne
What, of the featuring body parts, mollusc DOESN'T have?
two tentacles
serrated suckers
beak
smooth suckers
Which of the following applies to the bookish Kraken?
notorious
scary
weird
harmless
Where can we see a giant squid?
at the museum
at a seaside
on TV
in supermarkets
The main purpose of the text is to:
help us to understand more about both mythical
and biological creatures of the deep
illustrate the difference between Kraken and squid
shed the light on the mythical creatures of the ocean
compare Kraken to its real relative
Questions 13–16 Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 13–16 on your answer sheet. 13. According to the Victor Hugo's novel, the squid would
if he had such opportunity. 14. The real squid appeared to be
and .
15. Archie must be the
of its kind on Earth. 16. We are able to encounter the Kraken's
in a movie franchise.
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 29-40 which are bused on Reading Passage below.
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
A. ‘Hypotheses,’
said Medawar in 1964,‘are imaginative and inspirational in character’;
they are ‘adventures of the mind’. He was arguing in favour of the
position taken by Karl Popper in The Logic of Scientific Discovery
(1972, 3rd edition) that the nature of scientific method is
hypothetico-deductive and not, as is generally believed, inductive. B. It
is essential that you, as an intending researcher, understand the
difference between these two interpretations of the research process so
that you do not become discouraged or begin to suffer from a feeling of
‘cheating’ or not going about it the right way. C. The
myth of scientific method is that it is inductive: that the formulation
of scientific theory starts with the basic, raw evidence of the senses –
simple, unbiased, unprejudiced observation. Out of these sensory data –
commonly referred to as ‘facts’ — generalisations will form. The myth
is that from a disorderly array of factual information an orderly,
relevant theory will somehow emerge. However, the starting point of
induction is an impossible one.
D. There is no such thing as an unbiased
observation. Every act of observation we make is a function of what we
have seen or otherwise experienced in the past. All scientific work of
an experimental or exploratory nature starts with some expectation about
the outcome. This expectation is a hypothesis. Hypotheses provide the
initiative and incentive for the inquiry and influence the method. It is
in the light of an expectation that some observations are held to be
relevant and some irrelevant, that one methodology is chosen and others
discarded, that some experiments are conducted and others are not. Where
is, your naive, pure and objective researcher now? E. Hypotheses
arise by guesswork, or by inspiration, but having been formulated they
can and must be tested rigorously, using the appropriate methodology. If
the predictions you make as a result of deducing certain consequences
from your hypothesis are not shown to be correct then you discard or
modify your hypothesis.If the predictions turn out to be correct then
your hypothesis has been supported and may be retained until such time
as some further test shows it not to be correct. Once you have arrived
at your hypothesis, which is a product of your imagination, you then
proceed to a strictly logical and rigorous process, based upon deductive
argument — hence the term ‘hypothetico-deductive’. F. So
don’t worry if you have some idea of what your results will tell you
before you even begin to collect data; there are no scientists in
existence who really wait until they have all the evidence in front of
them before they try to work out what it might possibly mean. The
closest we ever get to this situation is when something happens by
accident; but even then the researcher has to formulate a hypothesis to
be tested before being sure that, for example, a mould might prove to be
a successful antidote to bacterial infection.
G. The myth of scientific method is not only that it
is inductive (which we have seen is incorrect) but also that the
hypothetico-deductive method proceeds in a step-by-step, inevitable
fashion. The hypothetico-deductive method describes the logical approach
to much research work, but it does not describe the psychological
behaviour that brings it about. This is much more holistic — involving
guesses, reworkings, corrections, blind alleys and above all
inspiration, in the deductive as well as the hypothetic component -than
is immediately apparent from reading the final thesis or published
papers. These have been, quite properly, organised into a more serial,
logical order so that the worth of the output may be evaluated
independently of the behavioural processes by which it was obtained. It
is the difference, for example between the academic papers with which
Crick and Watson demonstrated the structure of the DNA molecule and the
fascinating book The Double Helix in which Watson (1968) described how
they did it. From this point of view, ‘scientific method’ may more
usefully be thought of as a way of writing up research rather than as a
way of carrying it out. Questions 29 – 30 Reading Passage 12 has seven paragraphs A-G. Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs C-G from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers i-x in boxes 29-33 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. The Crick and Watson approach to research
ii. Antidotes to bacterial infection
iii. The testing of hypotheses
iv. Explaining the inductive method
v. Anticipating results before data is collected
vi. How research is done and how it is reported
vii. The role of hypotheses in scientific research
viii. Deducing the consequences of hypotheses
ix. Karl Popper’s claim that the scientific method is hypothetico-deductive
x. The unbiased researcher
Questions 34 and 35 In which TWO paragraphs in Reading Passage12 does the writer give advice directly to the reader? Write the TWO appropriate letters (A—G) in boxes 34 and 35 on your answer sheet. Questions 36 – 39 Do the following statements reflect the opinions of the writer in Reading Passage 12? In boxes 36-39 on your answer sheet write YES if the statement reflects the opinion of the writer. NO if the statement contradicts the opinion of the writer.
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 36. Popper says that the scientific method is hypothetico-deductive. 37. If a prediction based on a hypothesis is fulfilled, then the hypothesis is confirmed as true. 38. Many people carry out research in a mistaken way. 39. The ‘scientific method’ is more a way of describing research than a way of doing it. Question 40 Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 40 on your answer sheet. Which of the following statements best describes the writer’s main purpose in Reading Passage 3? A. to advise Ph.D students not to cheat while carrying out research. B. to encourage Ph.D students to work by guesswork and inspiration. C. to explain to Ph.D students the logic which the scientific research paper follows. D. to help Ph.D students by explaining different conceptions of the research process.
